The 1978 Washington Quarter holds a unique place in U.S. coinage, as both a popular collectible and a notable addition to the Washington Quarter series. Known for its distinct design honoring George Washington, this coin has been minted in various locations and includes some fascinating minting errors that have made certain specimens highly sought-after by numismatists. In this guide, we’ll explore the coin’s design, specifications, historical significance, error varieties, and factors that influence its value.
History and Significance of the Washington Quarter
The Washington Quarter was introduced in 1932 to commemorate the bicentennial of George Washington’s birth. Originally designed by sculptor John Flanagan, this coin features a profile portrait of George Washington on its obverse and an American eagle on the reverse. Over the years, the Washington Quarter has undergone several changes in composition and design, but it has consistently honored one of the most revered figures in U.S. history.
In 1978, the Washington Quarter continued its traditional design, featuring a clad composition of copper and nickel, which had been in use since the U.S. Mint’s shift away from silver in 1965. This 1978 quarter is still found in circulation today, though collectors often seek out coins in uncirculated or high-grade conditions.
1978 Washington Quarter: Overview of Design and Composition
Obverse Design
The obverse of the 1978 Washington Quarter depicts George Washington’s profile, inspired by a 1785 bust by Jean-Antoine Houdon. Key features on the obverse include:
- LIBERTY inscription above Washington’s head.
- IN GOD WE TRUST on the left side of the coin.
- The minting year (1978) beneath Washington’s chin.
Reverse Design
The reverse showcases an American bald eagle with its wings spread, clutching a bundle of arrows and an olive branch. The eagle symbolizes both strength and peace. Surrounding this central imagery are the inscriptions:
- UNITED STATES OF AMERICA at the top.
- E PLURIBUS UNUM below the eagle.
- QUARTER DOLLAR at the bottom, denoting the coin’s face value.
Minting Specifications
The following table provides the key specifications of the 1978 Washington Quarter:
| Feature | Specification |
| Composition | Copper (75%) and Nickel (25%) |
| Diameter | 24.26 mm (0.9551 inches) |
| Thickness | 1.75 mm (0.06889 inches) |
| Weight | 5.67 g (0.20 ounces) |
| Edge | Reeded |
| Shape | Round |
Mintage and Distribution
The 1978 Washington Quarter was minted at three locations:
- Philadelphia Mint (No Mint Mark): 521,452,000 coins
- Denver Mint (D Mint Mark): 287,373,152 coins
- San Francisco Mint (S Mint Mark – Proof): 3,127,781 coins
Each mint produced coins with slightly different values depending on their condition and rarity.
Coin Condition and Grading: Sheldon Scale
For collectors, coin condition plays a significant role in determining value. Coin grading is done using the Sheldon Scale, which ranges from Poor (P-1) to Mint State (MS-70) for circulated and uncirculated coins, and Proof (PR-1 to PR-70) for proof coins. Here are some common grades and what they mean for the 1978 Washington Quarter:
- MS (Mint State): Indicates an uncirculated coin with no signs of wear. High grades such as MS 65 or MS 67 are highly prized.
- PR (Proof): Proof coins are specially made for collectors and have a higher level of detail and mirror-like finish, such as PR 65 and PR 70 DCAM (Deep Cameo).
Value by Grade
Here’s a value chart based on recent auction results and coin guides for the 1978 Washington Quarter:
| Grade | No Mint Mark (Philadelphia) | D Mint Mark (Denver) | S Mint Mark (San Francisco) |
| MS 60 | $1 | $1 | Not applicable |
| MS 65 | $6.81 | $6.81 | Not applicable |
| MS 66 | $32 | $32 | Not applicable |
| MS 67 | $225 | $225 | Not applicable |
| PR 65 | Not applicable | Not applicable | $5.84 |
| PR 67 DCAM | Not applicable | Not applicable | $6 |
| PR 70 DCAM | Not applicable | Not applicable | $42 |
Error Varieties on the 1978 Washington Quarter
Some of the most desirable 1978 quarters are those with minting errors. Error coins can increase the value of a standard quarter significantly, depending on the type and extent of the error. Here are some known errors for the 1978 Washington Quarter:
Off-Center Errors
Off-center errors occur when the blank (planchet) is not properly aligned with the dies, resulting in an image that’s offset. These errors vary widely; some coins may only be 5% off-center, while others might be as much as 50% off-center. The more noticeable the error, the higher the value.
- 15% Off-Center: $20-$40
- 50% Off-Center: $100+
Double Struck Error
A double struck error happens when a coin is struck twice. This creates a “shadow” or duplicate image on the coin. Double-struck errors on 1978 quarters can be valued in the range of $150 to $300, depending on clarity and visibility.
Rotated Double Struck Error
Rotated double struck errors involve a second strike that’s rotated in relation to the first, creating a unique and eye-catching error. Coins with this type of error can be worth over $300.
Wrong Planchet Error
The wrong planchet error occurs when a blank from another coin type (such as a dime or nickel) is mistakenly used. A 1978 quarter struck on a wrong planchet, like a dime planchet, is highly collectible, with values typically ranging from $400 to $1,000.
Improperly Annealed Planchet
An improperly annealed planchet has an unusual appearance, often with dark or discolored areas on the surface. These errors occur during the heating process and may add $50 to $150 to a coin’s value.
Market Trends and Recent Auction Results
The 1978 Washington Quarter has shown steady interest among collectors, particularly those in mint state or with notable errors. Here are a few recent sales of high-grade 1978 quarters:
| Coin Type | Grade | Sale Price |
| 1978 MS 67+ | MS 67+ | $2,875 |
| 1978 D MS 67+ | MS 67+ | $1,528 |
| 1978 S PR 70 DCAM | PR 70 DCAM | $472 |
Factors Influencing 1978 Quarter Value
More Read:https://bizarrefancies.com/2022-quarter-errors-value/
Several factors affect the value of a 1978 quarter. Key considerations include:
- Condition: Uncirculated coins or coins with high grades like MS 65, MS 67, or PR 70 are far more valuable.
- Mint Mark: Coins with the S mint mark (proofs from San Francisco) are often more desirable.
- Errors: Any error coin, such as a rotated double strike or off-center error, significantly increases a coin’s worth.
- Market Demand: Interest in Washington quarters has remained steady, with a particular interest in high-quality or error coins.
Collecting the 1978 Washington Quarter
Why Collect Washington Quarters?
The Washington Quarter series is among the most accessible U.S. coins for new collectors due to its availability and historical significance. Collecting the series provides insight into U.S. Mint practices and the evolution of coinage.
Tips for Collectors
- Start with Circulated Coins: Lower-grade circulated coins are inexpensive and ideal for beginners.
- Focus on Condition: Look for coins graded MS 65 or higher to maximize future value.
- Seek Out Proof Coins: Proofs, particularly those graded PR 70, are highly collectible.
- Watch for Errors: Keep an eye out for error coins, as they offer unique value and interest.
- Research: Stay informed about recent auction prices to make educated purchasing decisions.
Online Resources and Platforms
Collectors can access various **
coin collecting forums, auction sites, and price guides** for up-to-date information on the Washington Quarter series, including recent sales, auctions, and community insights.
Conclusion
The 1978 Washington Quarter offers an engaging opportunity for both beginner and seasoned collectors. With unique error coins, proof variations, and high-grade mint state examples, this quarter has something for every numismatist. Whether you’re building a collection or investing in high-value coins, the 1978 Washington Quarter is a timeless piece of American history that’s well worth the pursuit.
Oliver Leo is an experienced blogger who explores the unusual and fascinating aspects of life. With a passion for adventure and discovery, he dives deep into topics like Dumpster Diving, Metal Detecting, and Coin Collecting, sharing his knowledge and insights on Bizarre Fancies.
